On the occasion of the 1855 Universal Exhibition, Napoleon III requested the creation of an official classification of Bordeaux wines. The Bordeaux trade brokers’ syndicate was entrusted with this mission and established a ranking based on the reputation of the estates and the selling price of the wines.
Defining five categories for Médoc wines and three for sweet wines, this classification has remained largely unchanged since its creation, with the notable exception of Château Mouton Rothschild’s promotion from second to first growth in 1973. Although sometimes criticized for not accounting for the evolution of the Bordeaux vineyards, this classification remains an international benchmark in the appreciation of Left Bank châteaux.